Many fractions label same point on number line and are equal.
Use area models and number line diagrams.
Multiplying by the equivalent of 1 yields an equivalent fraction, represent visually.
The term "reducing" is confusing to students, and it does not build understanding of equivalence.
It is also confusing to students to be told that their answer is incorrect if it is not simplified. This also obscures the meaning of equivalence.

Equivalence in 3-5

---

• 3.NF.3
• 4.NF.1
• 4.NF.2

Equivalence in 6-8

---

6th Grade

• Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple - 6.NS.4
• Expressions - 6.EE.1, 6.EE.2, 6.EE.3, 6.EE.4, 6.EE.6
• Equations and Inequalities - 6.EE.5, 6.EE.6, 6.EE.7, 6.EE.8, 6.EE.9
• Graphs, Tables, and Equations - 6.EE.9
• Ratios and Proportions - 6.RP.2, 6.RP.3

7th Grade

• Ratios and Proportional Reasoning - 7.RP.1, 7.RP.2,
• Expressions and Equations - 7.EE.2, 7.EE.3
• Geometry - 7.G.1
• Statistics - 7.SP.1, 7.SP.2
• Probability - 7.SP.5, 7.SP.6, 7.SP.7, 7.SP.8

8th Grade

• Irrational Numbers
• Exponents - 8.EE.1
• Slope - 8.EE.6
• Equations

Good activities

---

Fraction Tracks

• Game from Investigations "Name That Portion" (pdf file with instructions and blackline masters)
• Fraction Game from Illuminations (online game for individual play)
• Playing Fraction TracksApplet for two players from Illuminations

Odd One Out - FACT 35